ruby-build

ruby-build is a command-line utility that makes it easy to install virtually any version of Ruby, from source.

It is available as a plugin for rbenv that provides the rbenv install command, or as a standalone program.

Installation

# Using Homebrew on macOS
$ brew install ruby-build

# As an rbenv plugin
$ mkdir -p "$(rbenv root)"/plugins
$ git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git "$(rbenv root)"/plugins/ruby-build

# As a standalone program
$ git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git
$ PREFIX=/usr/local ./ruby-build/install.sh

Upgrading

# Via Homebrew
$ brew update && brew upgrade ruby-build

# As an rbenv plugin
$ git -C "$(rbenv root)"/plugins/ruby-build pull

Usage

Basic Usage

# As an rbenv plugin
$ rbenv install --list                 # lists all available versions of Ruby
$ rbenv install 2.2.0                  # installs Ruby 2.2.0 to ~/.rbenv/versions

# As a standalone program
$ ruby-build --definitions             # lists all available versions of Ruby
$ ruby-build 2.2.0 ~/local/ruby-2.2.0  # installs Ruby 2.2.0 to ~/local/ruby-2.2.0

ruby-build does not check for system dependencies before downloading and attempting to compile the Ruby source. Please ensure that all requisite libraries are available on your system.

Advanced Usage

Custom Build Definitions

If you wish to develop and install a version of Ruby that is not yet supported by ruby-build, you may specify the path to a custom “build definition file” in place of a Ruby version number.

Use the default build definitions as a template for your custom definitions.

Custom Build Configuration

The build process may be configured through the following environment variables:

Variable	Function
`TMPDIR`	Where temporary files are stored.
`RUBY_BUILD_BUILD_PATH`	Where sources are downloaded and built. (Default: a timestamped subdirectory of `TMPDIR`)
`RUBY_BUILD_CACHE_PATH`	Where to cache downloaded package files. (Default: `~/.rbenv/cache` if invoked as rbenv plugin)
`RUBY_BUILD_HTTP_CLIENT`	One of `aria2c`, `curl`, or `wget` to use for downloading. (Default: first one found in PATH)
`RUBY_BUILD_ARIA2_OPTS`	Additional options to pass to `aria2c` for downloading.
`RUBY_BUILD_CURL_OPTS`	Additional options to pass to `curl` for downloading.
`RUBY_BUILD_WGET_OPTS`	Additional options to pass to `wget` for downloading.
`RUBY_BUILD_MIRROR_URL`	Custom mirror URL root.
`RUBY_BUILD_MIRROR_PACKAGE_URL`	Custom complete mirror URL (e.g. http://mirror.example.com/package-1.0.0.tar.gz).
`RUBY_BUILD_SKIP_MIRROR`	Bypass the download mirror and fetch all package files from their original URLs.
`RUBY_BUILD_ROOT`	Custom build definition directory. (Default: `share/ruby-build`)
`RUBY_BUILD_DEFINITIONS`	Additional paths to search for build definitions. (Colon-separated list)
`CC`	Path to the C compiler.
`RUBY_CFLAGS`	Additional `CFLAGS` options (e.g., to override `-O3`).
`CONFIGURE_OPTS`	Additional `./configure` options.
`MAKE`	Custom `make` command (e.g., `gmake`).
`MAKE_OPTS` / `MAKEOPTS`	Additional `make` options.
`MAKE_INSTALL_OPTS`	Additional `make install` options.
`RUBY_CONFIGURE_OPTS`	Additional `./configure` options (applies only to Ruby source).
`RUBY_MAKE_OPTS`	Additional `make` options (applies only to Ruby source).
`RUBY_MAKE_INSTALL_OPTS`	Additional `make install` options (applies only to Ruby source).

Applying Patches

Both rbenv install and ruby-build support the --patch (-p) flag to apply a patch to the Ruby (/JRuby/Rubinius/TruffleRuby) source code before building. Patches are read from STDIN:

# applying a single patch
$ rbenv install --patch 1.9.3-p429 < /path/to/ruby.patch

# applying a patch from HTTP
$ rbenv install --patch 1.9.3-p429 < <(curl -sSL http://git.io/ruby.patch)

# applying multiple patches
$ cat fix1.patch fix2.patch | rbenv install --patch 1.9.3-p429

Checksum Verification

If you have the shasum, openssl, or sha256sum tool installed, ruby-build will automatically verify the SHA2 checksum of each downloaded package before installing it.

Checksums are optional and specified as anchors on the package URL in each definition. All definitions bundled with ruby-build include checksums.

Package Mirrors

To speed up downloads, ruby-build fetches package files from a mirror hosted on Amazon CloudFront. To benefit from this, the packages must specify their checksum:

# example:
install_package "ruby-2.6.5" "https://ruby-lang.org/ruby-2.6.5.tgz#<SHA2>"

ruby-build will first try to fetch this package from $RUBY_BUILD_MIRROR_URL/<SHA2> (note: this is the complete URL), where <SHA2> is the checksum for the file. It will fall back to downloading the package from the original location if:

the package was not found on the mirror;
the mirror is down;
the download is corrupt, i.e. the file's checksum doesn't match;
no tool is available to calculate the checksum; or
RUBY_BUILD_SKIP_MIRROR is enabled.

You may specify a custom mirror by setting RUBY_BUILD_MIRROR_URL.

If a mirror site doesn't conform to the above URL format, you can specify the complete URL by setting RUBY_BUILD_MIRROR_PACKAGE_URL. It behaves the same as RUBY_BUILD_MIRROR_URL except being a complete URL.

The default ruby-build download mirror is sponsored by Basecamp.

Keeping the build directory after installation

Both ruby-build and rbenv install accept the -k or --keep flag, which tells ruby-build to keep the downloaded source after installation. This can be useful if you need to use gdb and memprof with Ruby.

Source code will be kept in a parallel directory tree ~/.rbenv/sources when using --keep with the rbenv install command. You should specify the location of the source code with the RUBY_BUILD_BUILD_PATH environment variable when using --keep with ruby-build.