@fastify/passport

@fastify/passport is a port of passport for the Fastify ecosystem. It lets you use Passport strategies to authenticate requests and protect Fastify routes!

Status

Beta. @fastify/passport is still a relatively new project. There may be incompatibilities with express-based passport deployments, and bugs. Please report any issues so we can correct them!

Installation

npm i @fastify/passport

Google OAuth2 Video tutorial

The community created this fast introduction to @fastify/passport:

Example

import fastifyPassport from '@fastify/passport'
import fastifySecureSession from '@fastify/secure-session'

const server = fastify()
// set up secure sessions for @fastify/passport to store data in
server.register(fastifySecureSession, { key: fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, 'secret-key')) })
// initialize @fastify/passport and connect it to the secure-session storage. Note: both of these plugins are mandatory.
server.register(fastifyPassport.initialize())
server.register(fastifyPassport.secureSession())

// register an example strategy for fastifyPassport to authenticate users using
fastifyPassport.use('test', new SomePassportStrategy()) // you'd probably use some passport strategy from npm here

// Add an authentication for a route which will use the strategy named "test" to protect the route
server.get(
  '/',
  { preValidation: fastifyPassport.authenticate('test', { authInfo: false }) },
  async () => 'hello world!'
)

// Add an authentication for a route which will use the strategy named "test" to protect the route, and redirect on success to a particular other route.
server.post(
  '/login',
  { preValidation: fastifyPassport.authenticate('test', { successRedirect: '/', authInfo: false }) },
  () => {}
)

server.listen()

Alternatively, @fastify/session is also supported and works out of the box for session storage.
Here's an example:

import { Authenticator } from '@fastify/passport'
import fastifyCookie from '@fastify/cookie'
import fastifySession from '@fastify/session'

const server = fastify()

// setup an Authenticator instance which uses @fastify/session
const fastifyPassport = new Authenticator()

server.register(fastifyCookie)
server.register(fastifySession, { secret: 'secret with minimum length of 32 characters' })

// initialize @fastify/passport and connect it to the secure-session storage. Note: both of these plugins are mandatory.
server.register(fastifyPassport.initialize())
server.register(fastifyPassport.secureSession())

// register an example strategy for fastifyPassport to authenticate users using
fastifyPassport.use('test', new SomePassportStrategy()) // you'd probably use some passport strategy from npm here

For security reasons the session is cleaned after login. You can manage this configuration at your own risk by using clearSessionOnLogin (default: true) and clearSessionIgnoreFields (default: ['passport', 'session'])

Difference between `@fastify/secure-session` and `@fastify/session`

@fastify/secure-session and @fastify/session are both session plugins for Fastify which are capable of encrypting/decrypting the session. The main difference is that @fastify/secure-session uses the stateless approach and stores the whole session in an encrypted cookie whereas @fastify/session uses the stateful approach for sessions and stores them in a session store.

Session Serialization

In a typical web application, the credentials used to authenticate a user will only be transmitted once when a user logs in, and after, they are considered logged in because of some data stored in their session. @fastify/passport implements this pattern by storing sessions using @fastify/secure-session, and serializing/deserializing user objects to and from the session referenced by the cookie. @fastify/passport cannot store rich object classes in the session, only JSON objects, so you must register a serializer / deserializer pair if you want to say fetch a User object from your database, and store only a user ID in the session.

// register a serializer that stores the user object's id in the session ...
fastifyPassport.registerUserSerializer(async (user, request) => user.id);

// ... and then a deserializer that will fetch that user from the database when a request with an id in the session arrives
fastifyPassport.registerUserDeserializer(async (id, request) => {
  return await User.findById(id);
});

API

initialize()

A hook that must be added. Sets up a @fastify/passport instance's hooks.

secureSession()

A hook that must be added. Sets up @fastify/passport's connector with @fastify/secure-session to store authentication in the session.

authenticate(strategy: string | Strategy | (string | Strategy)[], options: AuthenticateOptions, callback?: AuthenticateCallback)

Returns a hook that authenticates requests, in other words, validates users and then signs them in. authenticate is intended for use as a preValidation hook on a particular route like /login.

Applies the given strategy (or strategies) to the incoming request, in order to authenticate the request. Strategies are usually registered ahead of time using .use, and then passed to .authenticate by name. If authentication is successful, the user will be logged in and populated at request.user and a session will be established by default. If authentication fails, an unauthorized response will be sent.

Strategies or arrays of strategies can also be passed as instances. This is useful when using a temporary strategy you only intend to use once for one user and don't want to register into the global list of available strategies.

Options:

session Save login state in session, defaults to true
successRedirect After successful login, redirect to given URL
successMessage True to store success message in req.session.messages, or a string to use as override message for success.
successFlash True to flash success messages or a string to use as a flash message for success (overrides any from the strategy itself).
failureRedirect After failed login, redirect to given URL
failureMessage True to store failure message in req.session.messages, or a string to use as override message for failure.
failureFlash True to flash failure messages or a string to use as a flash message for failures (overrides any from the strategy itself).
assignProperty Assign the object provided by the verify callback to given property
state Pass any provided state through to the strategy (e.g. for Google Oauth)

An optional callback can be supplied to allow the application to override the default manner in which authentication attempts are handled. The callback has the following signature:

(request, reply, err | null, user | false, info?, (status | statuses)?) => Promise<void>

where request and reply will be set to the original FastifyRequest and FastifyReply objects, and err will be set to null in case of a success or an Error object in case of a failure. If err is not null then user, info and status objects will be undefined. The user object will be set to the authenticated user on a successful authentication attempt, or false otherwise.

An optional info argument will be passed, containing additional details provided by the strategy's verify callback - this could be information about a successful authentication or a challenge message for a failed authentication.

An optional status or statuses argument will be passed when authentication fails - this could be a HTTP response code for a remote authentication failure or similar.

fastify.get(
  '/',
  { preValidation: fastifyPassport.authenticate('test', { authInfo: false }) },
  async (request, reply, err, user, info, status) => {
    if (err !== null) {
      console.warn(err)
    } else if (user) {
      console.log(`Hello ${user.name}!`)
    }
  }
)

Examples:

// create a request handler that uses the facebook strategy
fastifyPassport.use(new FacebookStrategy('facebook', {
  // options for the facebook strategy, see https://www.npmjs.com/package/passport-facebook
})))
fastifyPassport.authenticate('facebook');

// create a request handler to test against the strategy named local, and automatically redirect when it succeeds or fails
fastifyPassport.authenticate('local', { successRedirect: '/', failureRedirect: '/login' });

// create a request handler that won't use any user information stored in the secure session
fastifyPassport.authenticate('basic', { session: false });

Note that if a callback is supplied, it becomes the application's responsibility to log-in the user, establish a session, and otherwise perform the desired operations.

Multiple Strategies

@fastify/passport supports authenticating with a list of strategies, and will try each in order until one passes. Pass an array of strategy names to authenticate for this:

// somewhere before several strategies are registered
fastifyPassport.use('bearer', new BearerTokenStrategy())
fastifyPassport.use('basic', new BasicAuthStrategy())
fastifyPassport.use('google', new FancyGoogleStrategy())

// and then an `authenticate` call can test incoming requests against multiple strategies
fastify.get(
  '/',
  { preValidation: fastifyPassport.authenticate(['bearer', 'basic', 'google'], { authInfo: false }) },
  async (request, reply, err, user, info, status) => {
    if (err !== null) {
      console.warn(err)
    } else if (user) {
      console.log(`Hello ${user.name}!`)
    }
  }
)

Note that multiple strategies that redirect to start an authentication flow, like OAuth2 strategies from major platforms, shouldn't really be used together in the same authenticate call. This is because @fastify/passport will run the strategies in order, and the first one that redirects will do so, preventing the user from ever using the other strategies. To set up multiple OAuth2 strategies, add several routes that each use a different strategy in their own authenticate call, and then direct users to the right route for the strategy they pick.

Multiple strategies can also be passed as instances if you only intend to use them for that route handler or for that request.

// use an `authenticate` call can test incoming requests against multiple strategies without registering them for use elsewhere
fastify.get(
  '/',
  {
    preValidation: fastifyPassport.authenticate([new BearerTokenStrategy(), new BasicAuthStrategy()], {
      authInfo: false,
    }),
  },
  async (request, reply, err, user, info, status) => {
    if (err !== null) {
      console.warn(err)
    } else if (user) {
      console.log(`Hello ${user.name}!`)
    }
  }
)

authorize(strategy: string | Strategy | (string | Strategy)[], options: AuthenticateOptions = {}, callback?: AuthenticateCallback)

Returns a hook that will authorize a third-party account using the given strategy, with optional options. Intended for use as a preValidation hook on any route. .authorize has the same API as .authenticate, but has one key difference: it doesn't modify the logged in user's details. Instead, if authorization is successful, the result provided by the strategy's verify callback will be assigned to request.account. The existing login session and request.user will be unaffected.

This function is particularly useful when connecting third-party accounts to the local account of a user that is currently authenticated.

Examples:

fastifyPassport.authorize('twitter-authz', { failureRedirect: '/account' })

.authorize allows the use of multiple strategies by passing an array of strategy names, and allows the use of already instantiated Strategy instances by passing the instance as the strategy, or an array of instances.

use(name?: string, strategy: Strategy)

Utilize the given strategy with optional name, overridding the strategy's default name.

Examples:

fastifyPassport.use(new TwitterStrategy(...));

fastifyPassport.use('api', new http.Strategy(...));

unuse(name: string)

Un-utilize the strategy with given name.

In typical applications, the necessary authentication strategies are static, configured once and always available. As such, there is often no need to invoke this function.

However, in certain situations, applications may need dynamically configure and de-configure authentication strategies. The use()/unuse() combination satisfies these scenarios.

Example:

fastifyPassport.unuse('legacy-api')

registerUserSerializer(serializer: (user, request) => Promise)

Registers an async user serializer function for taking a high level User object from your application and serializing it for storage into the session. @fastify/passport cannot store rich object classes in the session, only JSON objects, so you must register a serializer / deserializer pair if you want to say fetch a User object from your database, and store only a user ID in the session.

// register a serializer that stores the user object's id in the session ...
fastifyPassport.registerUserSerializer(async (user, request) => user.id)

registerUserDeserializer(deserializer: (serializedUser, request) => Promise)

Registers an async user deserializer function for taking a low level serialized user object (often just a user ID) from a session, and deserializing it from storage into the request context. @fastify/passport cannot store rich object classes in the session, only JSON objects, so you must register a serializer / deserializer pair if you want to say fetch a User object from your database, and store only a user ID in the session.

fastifyPassport.registerUserDeserializer(async (id, request) => {
  return await User.findById(id);
});

Deserializers can throw the string "pass" if they do not apply to the current session and the next deserializer should be tried. This is useful if you are using @fastify/passport to store two different kinds of user objects. An example:

// register a deserializer for database users
fastifyPassport.registerUserDeserializer(async (id, request) => {
  if (id.startsWith("db-")) {
    return await User.findById(id);
  } else {
    throw "pass"
  }
});

// register a deserializer for redis users
fastifyPassport.registerUserDeserializer(async (id, request) => {
  if (id.startsWith("redis-")) {
    return await redis.get(id);
  } else {
    throw "pass"
  }
});

Sessions may specify serialized users that have since been deleted from the datastore storing them for the application. In that case, deserialization often fails because the user row cannot be found for a given id. Depending on the application, this can either be an error condition, or expected if users are deleted from the database while logged in. @fastify/passport's behaviour in this case is configurable. Errors are thrown if a deserializer returns undefined, and the session is logged out if a deserializer returns null or false. This matches the behaviour of the original passport module.

Therefore, a deserializer can return several things:

if a deserializer returns an object, that object is assumed to be a successfully deserialized user
if a deserializer returns undefined, @fastify/passport interprets that as an erroneously missing user, and throws an error because the user could not be deserialized.
if a deserializer returns null or false, @fastify/passport interprets that as a missing but expected user, and resets the session to log the user out
if a deserializer throws the string "pass", @fastify/passport will try the next deserializer if it exists, or throw an error because the user could not be deserialized.

Request#isUnauthenticated()

Test if request is unauthenticated.

Using with TypeScript

@fastify/passport is written in TypeScript, so it includes type definitions for all of it's API. You can also strongly type the FastifyRequest.user property using TypeScript declaration merging. You must re-declare the PassportUser interface in the fastify module within your own code to add the properties you expect to be assigned by the strategy when authenticating:

declare module 'fastify' {
  interface PassportUser {
    id: string
  }
}

or, if you already have a type for the objects returned from all of the strategies, you can make PassportUser extend it:

import { User } from './my/types'

declare module 'fastify' {
  interface PassportUser extends User {}
}

Using multiple instances

@fastify/passport supports being registered multiple times in different plugin encapsulation contexts. This is useful to implement two separate authentication stacks. For example, you might have a set of strategies that authenticate users of your application, and a whole other set of strategies for authenticating staff members of your application that access an administration area. Users might be stored at request.user, and administrators at request.admin, and logging in as one should have no bearing on the other. It is important to register each instance of @fastify/passport in a different Fastify plugin context so that the decorators @fastify/passport like request.logIn and request.logOut do not collide.

To register @fastify/passport more than once, you must instantiate more copies with different keys and userPropertys so they do not collide when decorating your fastify instance or storing things in the session.

import { Authenticator } from '@fastify/passport'

const server = fastify()

// setup an Authenticator instance for users that stores the login result at `request.user`
const userPassport = new Authenticator({ key: 'users', userProperty: 'user' })
userPassport.use('some-strategy', new CoolOAuthStrategy('some-strategy'))
server.register(userPassport.initialize())
server.register(userPassport.secureSession())

// setup an Authenticator instance for users that stores the login result at `request.admin`
const adminPassport = new Authenticator({ key: 'admin', userProperty: 'admin' })
adminPassport.use('admin-google', new GoogleOAuth2Strategy('admin-google'))
server.register(adminPassport.initialize())
server.register(adminPassport.secureSession())

// protect some routes with the userPassport
server.get(
  `/`,
  { preValidation: userPassport.authenticate('some-strategy') },
  async () => `hello ${JSON.serialize(request.user)}!`
)

// and protect others with the adminPassport
server.get(
  `/admin`,
  { preValidation: adminPassport.authenticate('admin-google') },
  async () => `hello administrator ${JSON.serialize(request.admin)}!`
)

Note: Each Authenticator instance's initialize plugin and session plugin must be registered separately.

It is important to note that using multiple @fastify/passport instances is not necessary if you want to use multiple strategies to login the same type of user. @fastify/passport supports multiple strategies by passing an array to any .authenticate call.

Differences from Passport.js

@fastify/passport is an adapted version of Passport that tries to be as compatible as possible, but is an adapted version that has some incompatibilities. Passport strategies that adhere to the passport strategy API should work fine, but there are some differences in other APIs made to integrate better with Fastify and to stick with Fastify's theme of performance.

Differences:

serializeUser renamed to registerUserSerializer and always takes an async function with the signature (user: User, request: FastifyRequest) => Promise<SerializedUser>
deserializeUser renamed to registerUserDeserializer and always takes an async function with the signature (serialized: SerializedUser, request: FastifyRequest) => Promise<User>
transformAuthInfo renamed to registerAuthInfoTransformer and always takes an async function with the signature (info: any, request: FastifyRequest) => Promise<any>
.authenticate and .authorize accept strategy instances in addition to strategy names. This allows for using one time strategy instances (say for testing given user credentials) without adding them to the global list of registered strategies.