CPVI (Comprehensive Persian Verb Inflector)
CPVI تصریفگر جامع افعال فارسی است که از مدل مکانیسم دوگانه (dual-route) برای تصریف استفاده میکند.
CPVI (Comprehensive Persian Verb Inflector) is a Persian Verb Inflector. PVI uses Dual Mechanism theory (Words & Rules theory) to inflect Persian verbs.
Installation
>>> pip install CPVIUsage
CPVI class has only a profilingmethod.
The profiling method returns the profile of the verb passed as a argument. The profile consists of these properties:
- lexical aspect (action/state/accomplishment/achievement)(just for irregular verbs)
- regularity (regular/irregular/alternative);
- transitivity (transitive/intransitive);
- present dual (True/False);
- past dual (True/False);
- formal IPA present stem;
- formal IPA past stem;
- formal Persian present stem;
- formal Persian past stem;
- informal IPA present stem;
- informal IPA past stem;
- informal Persian present stem;
- informal Persian past stem;
- paradigm (inflected forms of the verb)
profiling accepts 3 arguments:
-
word: The Persian form of the word that you want to be inflected as a verb. The main assumption here is that users pass either present stem, past stem, or gerund. -
API_form: The IPA form of the word; it is optional and the default value is an empty string. Non-Persian-IPA characters raise TypeError. -
space: The type of space you want to be placed between inflected words and affixes; it is optional and the default value is ZWNJ (\u200c).
>>> from CPVI import CPVI
>>> profile = CPVI()
>>> profile.profiling(word='آمد', API_form='ʔɒmæd', space='\u200c')
{'lexical aspect': 'accomplishment',
'regularity': 'irregular',
'transitivity': 'intransitive',
'present dual': False,
'past dual': False,
'formal IPA present stem': 'ʔɒ',
'formal IPA past stem': 'ʔɒmæd',
'formal Persian present stem': 'آ',
'formal Persian past stem': 'آمد',
'informal IPA present stem': 'ʔɒ',
'informal IPA past stem': 'ʔumæd',
'informal Persian present stem': 'آ',
'informal Persian past stem': 'اومد',
'paradigm': {
'formal': {
'IPA': {
'affirmative': {
'present': {
'simple': {
's1': 'ʔɒjæm',
's2': 'ʔɒji',
's3': 'ʔɒjæd',
'p1': 'ʔɒjim',
'p2': 'ʔɒjid',
'p3': 'ʔɒjænd'
},
'continuous': {
's1': 'mijɒjæm',
's2': 'mijɒji',
's3': 'mijɒjæd',
'p1': 'mijɒjim',
'p2': 'mijɒjid',
'p3': 'mijɒjænd'
},
'subjunctive': {...},
'progressive': {...},
'perfect': {...},
'perfect past': {...},
'imperative': {...}
},
'past': {
'simple': {...},
'continuous': {...},
'subjunctive': {...},
'progressive': {...},
'perfect': {...},
'perfect subjunctive': {...}
},
'future': {
'simple': {...}
}
},
'negative': {
'present': {
'simple': {...},
'continuous': {...},
'subjunctive': {...},
'progressive': None,
'perfect': {...},
'perfect past': {...},
'imperative': {...}
},
'past': {
'simple': {...},
'continuous': {...},
'subjunctive': {...},
'progressive': None,
'perfect': {...},
'perfect subjunctive': {...}
},
'future': {
'simple': {...}
}
}
},
'Persian': {
'affirmative': {
'present': {
'simple': {...},
'continuous': {...},
'subjunctive': {...},
'progressive': {...},
'perfect': {...},
'perfect past': {...},
'imperative': {...}},
'past': {
'simple': {...},
'continuous': {...},
'subjunctive': {...},
'progressive': {...},
'perfect': {...},
'perfect subjunctive': {...}
},
'future': {
'simple': {...}
}
},
'negative': {
'present': {
'simple': {...},
'continuous': {...},
'subjunctive': {...},
'progressive': None,
'perfect': {...},
'perfect past': {...},
'imperative': {...}
},
'past': {
'simple': {...},
'continuous': {...},
'subjunctive': {...},
'progressive': None,
'perfect': {...},
'perfect subjunctive': {...}
},
'future': {
'simple': {...}
}
}
}
},
'informal': {...}
}profiling returns a nested dictionary. The paradigm key is a nested hierarchical dictionary containing all the inflected forms. The hierarchy consists of 6 layers. Use the hierarchy to navigate through the dictionary.
- The first layer is formality which is either
formalorinformal. - The second layer is the type of alphabet which is either
PersianorIPA. - The third layer is polarity which is either
affirmativeornegative. - The fourth layer is tense which is either
past,present, orfuture. - The fifth layer for past tense is either
simple,continuous,subjunctive,progressive,perfect, orperfect subjunctive. The fifth layer for present tense is eithersimple,continuous,subjunctive,progressive,perfect,perfect past, orimperative. The fifth layer for future tense is justsimple. - The sixth layer is Person and number which is either
s1,s2,s3,p1,p2, orp3.
>>> p = CPVI()
>>> profile = p.profiling('گفت', 'Ɉoft', '\u200c')
# navigate to informal inflections
>>> profile['paradigm']['informal']
{'IPA': {
'affirmative': {
'present': {
'simple':{
's1'
...
...
...
# navigate to informal Persian alphabet inflections
>>> profile['paradigm']['informal']['Persian']
{'affirmative': {
'present': {
'simple':{
's1'
...
...
...
# navigate to informal Persian negative inflections
>>> profile['paradigm']['informal']['Persian']['negative']
{'present': {
'simple':{
's1'
...
...
...
# navigate to informal Persian negative present inflections
>>> profile['paradigm']['informal']['Persian']['negative']['present']
{'simple':{
's1'
...
...
...
# navigate to informal Persian negative simple present inflections
>>> profile['paradigm']['informal']['Persian']['negative']['present']['simple']
{'s1': 'نگم',
's2': 'نگی',
's3': 'نگه',
'p1': 'نگیم',
'p2': ['نگین', 'نگید'],
'p3': 'نگن'}
# navigate to the plural second person of informal Persian negative simple presents inflections
>>> profile['paradigm']['informal']['Persian']['negative']['present']['simple']['p2']
['نگین', 'نگید']Because of the gramatical restrictions, some inflectional paradigms do not have inflected form, as demonstrated in the following code:
>>> profile['paradigm']['informal']['Persian']['negative']['past']['progressive']
NoneIn dual verbs, each paradigm has two set of inflected forms enclosed in a list, as demonstrated in the following:
>>> p = CPVI()
>>> profile = p.profiling('گسل', 'Ɉosæl', '\u200c')
>>> profile['paradigm']['informal']['Persian']['affirmative']['past']['simple']
[
{
's1': 'گسستم',
's2': 'گسستی',
's3': ['گسست', 'گسستش'],
'p1': 'گسستیم',
'p2': ['گسستین', 'گسستید'],
'p3': 'گسستن'
},
{
's1': 'گسیختم',
's2': 'گسیختی',
's3': ['گسیخت', 'گسیختش'],
'p1': 'گسیختیم',
'p2': ['گسیختین', 'گسیختید'],
'p3': 'گسیختن'
}
]The API_form argument only accepts Persian IPA alphabet. If you are not familiar with IPA alphabet, use CPVI.IPA to see the mapping between IPA and Persian alphabet:
>>> CPVI.IPA
{
'b': 'ب',
'p': 'پ',
'f': 'ف',
'v': 'و',
't': ['ت', 'ط'],
'd': 'د',
's': ['س', 'ص', 'ث'],
'z': ['ز', 'ض', 'ظ', 'ذ'],
'ʃ': 'ش',
'ʒ': 'ژ',
'ʤ': 'ج',
'ʧ': 'چ',
'c': 'ک',
'Ɉ': 'گ',
'x': 'خ',
'G': ['ق', 'غ'],
'h': ['ه', 'ح'],
'ʔ': ['ع', 'همزه'],
'm': 'م',
'n': 'ن',
'r': 'ر',
'l': 'ل',
'j': 'ی',
'ɒ': ['آ', 'ا'],
'u': 'او',
'i': 'ی',
'æ': 'فتحه',
'e': 'کسره',
'o': 'ضمه'
}None-IPA characters raise TypeError.
The space between words and affixes could be adjusted by passing either space, ZWNJ (\u200c), or empty string as the space argument:
# demostrate ZWNJ as the space argument
>>> p = CPVI()
>>> profile = p.profiling('گفت', 'Ɉoft', '\u200c')
>>> profile['paradigm']['formal']['Persian']['negative']['present']['perfect past']
{
's1': 'نگفتهبودهام',
's2': 'نگفتهبودهای',
's3': 'نگفتهبودهاست',
'p1': 'نگفتهبودهایم',
'p2': 'نگفتهبودهاید',
'p3': 'نگفتهبودهاند'
}
# demostrate space as the space argument
>>> profile = p.profiling('گفت', 'Ɉoft', ' ')
>>> profile['paradigm']['formal']['Persian']['negative']['present']['perfect past']
{
's1': 'نگفته بوده ام',
's2': 'نگفته بوده ای',
's3': 'نگفته بوده است',
'p1': 'نگفته بوده ایم',
'p2': 'نگفته بوده اید',
'p3': 'نگفته بوده اند'
}
# demostrate empty string as the space argument
>>> profile = p.profiling('گفت', 'Ɉoft', '')
>>> profile['paradigm']['formal']['Persian']['affirmative']['present']['progressive']
{
's1': 'دارممیگویم',
's2': 'داریمیگویی',
's3': 'داردمیگوید',
'p1': 'داریممیگوییم',
'p2': 'داریدمیگویید',
'p3': 'دارندمیگویند'
}Passing strings other than space, ZWNJ (\u200c), or empty string raise ValueError.
