Tarsnapper

A wrapper around tarsnap which does two things:

Lets you define "backup jobs" (tarsnap invocations) in a config file, though on it's own this has little advantage over just using a a shell script.
The ability to expire old backups using a Grandfather-father-son backup scheme. This feature can be used in conjunction with tarsnapper backup jobs, or standalone, to be applied to any existing set of tarsnap backup archives, regardless of how they have been created.

Installation

Using pip:

$ pip install tarsnapper

Making a single backup without a configuration file

tarsnapper --target foobar-\$date --sources /etc/  --deltas 6h 7d 31d - make

This will backup the /etc/ folder every time you call this command (put it in cron, for example), and after each backup made, attempts to expire old backups to match the deltas given.

Note the following:

You need to give the $date placeholder for expiration to work, and you will need to escape the dollar sign in your shell.
You need to end the list of deltas with a - character.
tarsnap needs to be setup on your machine correctly, that is, tarsnap needs to be able to find it's keyfile and so on via tarsnap.conf. The ability to pass through options to tarsnap via the tarsnapper CLI exists, though.

Using a configuration file

We also support a configuration file. It allows multiple jobs to be defined, and has more feature, such as pre-/post job commands. It looks like this:

# Global values, valid for all jobs unless overridden:
# A job's delta controls when old backups are expired
# (see "How expiring backups works" below)
deltas: 1d 7d 30d
# You can avoid repetition by giving deltas names
delta-names:
  super-important: 1h 1d 30d 90d 360d
# A job's target sets the name of the created archive
target: /localmachine/$name-$date
# You can also include jobs from separate files
include-jobs: /usr/local/etc/tarsnapper/*.yml

jobs:
  # define a job called images (names must be unique)
  images:
    source: /var/lib/mysql
    exclude: /var/lib/mysql/temp
    exec_before: service mysql stop
    exec_after: service mysql start
    # Aliases can be used when renaming a job to match old archives.
    alias: img

  some-other-job:
    sources:
      - /var/dir/1
      - /etc/google
    excludes:
      - /etc/google/cache
    target: /custom-target-$date.zip
    deltas: 1h 6h 1d 7d 24d 180d

For the images job, the global target will be used, with the name placeholder replaced by the backup job name, in this case images.

You can then ask tarsnapper to create new backups for each job:

$ tarsnapper -c myconfigfile make

The name of the archive will be the target option, with the $date placeholder replaced by the current timestamp, using either the dateformat option, or %Y%m%d-%H%M%S.

Or to expire those archives no longer needed, as per the chosen deltas:

$ tarsnapper -c myconfigfile expire

If you need to pass arguments through to tarsnap, you can do this as well:

$ tarsnapper -o configfile tarsnap.conf -o v -c tarsnapper.conf make

This will use tarsnap.conf as the tarsnap configuration file, tarsnapper.conf as the tarsnapper configuration file, and will also put tarsnap into verbose mode via the -v flag.

Using the include-jobs option, you could insert 1 or more jobs in (for example) /usr/local/etc/tarsnapper/extra-backup-jobs.yml:

# Included jobs act just like jobs in the main config file, so for
# example the default target is active and named deltas are
# available, and job names must still be globally unique.
yet-another-job:
  source: /var/dir/2
  deltas: 1h 1d 30d

an-important-job:
  source: /var/something-important
  delta: super-important

include-jobs uses Python's globbing to find job files and hence is subject to the limitations thereof.

Expiring backups

Note that if you're running tarsnapper with make, it will implicitly expire backups as well; there is no need to run make AND expire both.

If you want to create the backups yourself, and are only interested in the expiration functionality, you can do just that:

$ tarsnapper --target "foobar-\$date" --deltas 1d 7d 30d - expire

The --target argument selects which set of backups to apply the expire operation to. All archives that match this expression are considered to be part of the same backup set that you want to operate on.

tarsnapper will then look at the date of each archive (this is why you need the $date placeholder) and determine those which are not needed to accommodate the given given delta range. It will parse the date using the python-dateutil library, which supports a vast array of different formats, though some restrictions apply: If you are using yyyy-dd-mm, it cannot generally differentiate that from yyyy-mm-dd.

You can specify a custom dateformat using the --dateformat option, which should be a format string as expected by the Python strptime function (e.g. %Y%m%d-%H%M%S). Usually, a custom format is not necessary.

Note the single "-" that needs to be given between the --deltas argument and the command.

The expire command supports a --dry-run argument that will allow you to see what would be deleted:

$ tarsnapper --target "foobar-\$date" --deltas 1d 7d 30d - expire --dry-run

How expiring backups works

The design goals for this were as follows:

Do not require backup names to include information on which generation a backup belongs to, like for example tarsnap-generations does. That is, you can create your backups anyway you wish, and simply use this utility to delete old backups.
Do not use any fixed generations (weekly, monthly etc), but freeform timespans.
Similarily, do not make any assumptions about when or if backup jobs have actually run or will run, but try to match the given deltas as closely as possible.

The generations are defined by a list of deltas. 60s means a minute, 12h is half a day, 7d is a week. The number of backups in each generation is implied by it's and the parent generation's delta.

For example, given the deltas 1h 1d 7d, the first generation will consist of 24 backups each one hour older than the previous (or the closest approximation possible given the available backups), the second generation of 7 backups each one day older than the previous, and backups older than 7 days will be discarded for good.

The most recent backup is always kept.

As an example, here is a list of backups from a Desktop computer that has often been running non-stop for days, but also has on occasion been turned off for weeks at a time, using the deltas 1d 7d 30d 360d 18000d:

  dropbox-20140424-054252
  dropbox-20140423-054120
  dropbox-20140422-053921
  dropbox-20140421-053920
  dropbox-20140420-054246
  dropbox-20140419-054007
  dropbox-20140418-060211
  dropbox-20140226-065032
  dropbox-20140214-063824
  dropbox-20140115-072109
  dropbox-20131216-100926
  dropbox-20131115-211256
  dropbox-20131012-054438
  dropbox-20130912-054731
  dropbox-20130813-090621
  dropbox-20130713-160422
  dropbox-20130610-054348
  dropbox-20130511-055537
  dropbox-20130312-064042
  dropbox-20120325-054505
  dropbox-20110331-12174