ADI-AD9546

Set of tools to interact & program AD9546/45 integrated circuits, by Analog Devices.

Use these tools to interact with AD9548/47 older chipsets.

These scripts are not Windows compatible.
These scripts expect a /dev/i2c-X entry, they do not manage the device through SPI at the moment.

Install

python setup.py install

Dependencies

• python-smbus

Install requirements with

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

API

• Each application comes with an -h help menu.
  Refer to help menu for specific information.
• i2c bus must always be specified
• i2c slave address must always be specified
• --flag is optionnal: action will not be performed if not requested

For complex flag values (basically involving white spaces), for example ref-input --coupling, don't forget to encapsulate with inverted commas:

ref-input.py \
    0 0x48 \ # bus #0 slave address is 0x48
    --ref a \ # simple, one word
    --coupling "AC 1.2V" # 'complex' but meaningful value
ref-input.py \
    1 0x4A  \ # bus #1 slave address is 0x4A
    --ref aa \ # simple, one word
    --coupling "internal pull-up" # 'complex' but meaningful value

Flag values are case sensitive and must be exactly matched. It is not possible to pass a non supported / unknown flag value, scripts will reject those with a runtime error.

AD9545 / 46

These scripts are developped and tested with an AD9546 chip.
AD9545 is pin & register compatible, so it should work.
It is up to the user to restrain to restricted operations in that scenario.

Utilities

• calib.py: calibrates core portions of the clock. Typically required when booting or a new setup has just been loaded.
• distrib.py: controls clock distribution and output signals. Includes signal paths and output pins muting operations.
• irq.py: IRQ clearing & masking operations
• misc.py: miscellaneous operations
• mx-pin.py: Mx programmable I/O management
• pll.py: APLLx and DPLLx cores management. Includes free running + holdover manual forcing operation
• power-down.py : power saving and management utility
• ref-input.py: reference & input signals management
• regmap.py: load or dump a register map preset
• regmap-diff.py: loaded / dumped regmap differentiator (debug tool)
• reset.py: device reset operations
• status.py : status monitoring, includes IRQ flag reports and onboard temperature reading
• sysclk.py : sys clock control & management tool

See at the bottom of this page for typical configuration flows.

Register map

regmap.py allows the user to quickly load an exported register map from the official A&D graphical tool.

• Input/output is json
• --quiet to disable the stdout progress bar

regmap.py -h
# load a register map (on bus #0 @0x48)
regmap.py 0 0x48 --load test.json

Export current register map to open it in A&D graphical tools:

regmap.py --dump /tmp/output.json 0 0x48

Register map diff

It is possible to use the regmap-diff.py tool to differentiate (bitwise) an official A&D registermap (created with their GUI) and a dumped one (--dumped with regmap.py).

# order is always: 
#  1) official (from A&D GUi) 
#  2) then dumped file
regmap-diff.py official_ad.json /tmp/output.json

This script is mainly used for debugging purposes.

It is equivalent to a diff -q -Z official_ad.json /tmp/output.json focused on the "RegisterMap" field. That command being impossible to use, because --dump does not replicate 100% of the official A&D file content (too complex), and is not focused on the "RegisterMap" field.

Status script

status.py is a read only tool to monitor the chipset status current status. That includes IRQ status reports, calibration reports, integrated sensors and measurement readings..

• status.py -h to figure all known keys

Output format is json and is streamed to stdout. Each --flag can be cumulated which increases the status report size/verbosity:

# Grab general / high level info (bus=0, 0x4A):
status.py 0 0x4A \
    --info --serial # general info \
    --pll # pll core (timing general info)

status.py 1 0x48 \
    --info \
    --pll --sysclk # timing cores info \
    --ref-input # input / ref. signals info

status.py 0 0x4A \
    --irq # IRQ status register 

Dump status report from stdout into a file

status.py --info --serial --pll 0 0x4A > /tmp/status.json

Output is a json structure. That means it can be directly interprated into another python script. Here's an example on how to do that:

import subprocess
args = ['status.py', '--distrib', '0', '0x4A']
# interprate filtered stdout content directly
ret = subprocess.run(args)
if ret.exitcode == 0: # syscall OK
    # direct interpratation
    struct = eval(ret.stdout.decode('utf-8'))
    print(struct["distrib"]["ch0"]["a"]["q-div"])

Status report depicts a lot of information depending on the targeted internal cores. Status.py supports filtering operations, we we'll later describe how an efficient filter can make things easier when grabbing data from another script

Status report filtering

Filters are described by comma separated values. It is possible to cummulate filter of the same kind and of different kind. Filters are applied in order of appearance / description. Identifier filter is applied priori Value filter.

• --filter-by-key: filters result by identification keyword. This is useful to retain fields of interests

# grab vendor field
status.py 0 0x48 \
    --info --filter-by-key vendor # single field filter

# zoom in on temperature info
status.py 0 0x48 \
    --misc --filter-by-key temperature # single field filter

# only care about CH0
status.py 0 0x48 \
    --distrib --filter-by-key ch0 # single field filter

# only care about AA path(s) 
# [CH0:AA ; CH1:AA] in this case
status.py 0 0x48 \
    --distrib --filter-by-key aa # single field filter

Example of cummulated filters:

# grab (vendor + chiptype) fields
status.py 0 0x48 \
    --info --filter-by-key chip-type,vendor # comma separated

# zoom in on temperature reading
status.py 0 0x48 \
    --misc --filter-by-key temperature,value # zoom in 

# Retain `aa` path from CH0
# Filter by order of appearance, 
# specifying CH0 then AA ;)
status.py 0 0x48 \
    --distrib --filter-by-key ch0,aa

By default, if requested keyword is not found (non effective filter), fulldata set is preserved.

# non effective filter example:
status.py --info --filter-by-key something 0 0x48

• filter-by-value: it is possible to filter status reports by matching values

# Return `0x456` <=> vendor field
status.py 1 0x48 \
    --info \
    --filter-by-value 0x456

# Return only deasserted values
status.py 1 0x48 \
    --distrib \
    --filter-by-value disabled 

# Event better `deasserted` value filter
status.py 1 0x48 \
    --distrib \
    --filter-by-value disabled,false,inactive

It is possible to combine key and value filters:

# from CH0 return only deasserted values
status.py 1 0x48 \
    --distrib \
    --filter-by-value ch0 \
    --filter-by-value disabled,false,inactive

Extract raw data from status report

The --unpack option allows convenient data reduction

• if the requested filter has reduced the dataset to a single value, we expose the raw data:

status.py 0 0x4A \
    --info --filter-by-key vendor # extract vendor info \
    --unpack # raw value

status.py 0 0x4A \
    --misc --filter-by-key temperature,value # extract t° reading \
    --unpack # raw value

# extract temperature alarm bit
status.py 0 0x4A \`
    --misc --filter-by-key temperature,alarm # extract t° alarm bit \
    --unpack # raw value

This is very convenient when importing data into an external script. Here's an example in python once again:

import subprocess
args = [
    'status.py', 
    '0', '0x4A',
    '--misc', 
    '--filter-by-key', 'temperature,alarm' # extract raw bit
]
ret = subprocess.run(args)
if ret.exitcode == 0: # syscall OK
    # bool() direct cast 
    has_alarm = bool(ret.stdout.decode('utf-8'))

• If the status report comprises several value, then --unpack simply reduces the structure to 1D. That means we lose data because we can only have a unique value per identifier

status.py 0 0x4A \
    --misc --filter-by-key temperature # extract temperature fields \
    --unpack

Sys clock

Sys clock compensation is a new feature introduced in AD9546. sysclock.py allows quick and easy access to these features.

To determine current sysclock related settings, use status.py with --sysclock option.

• --freq: to program input frequency [Hz]
• --sel : to select the input path (internal crystal or external XOA/B pins)
• --div: set integer division ratio on input frequency
• --doubler: enables input frequency doubler

Calibration script

calib.py allows chipset (re)calibration.

It is required to perform a calibration at boot time.
It is required to perform an analog Pll (re)calibration anytime we recover from a sys clock power down.

• Perform complete (re)calibration

calib.py --all 0 0x4A

• Perform only a sys clock (re)calibration (1st step in application note)

calib.py --sysclk 0 0x4A

Monitor internal calibration process with

status.py 1 0x4A \
    -pll --sysclk --filter-by-key calibrating
status.py 1 0x4A \
    --sysclk --irq --filter-by-key calibration 

Clock distribution

distrib.py is an important utility.
It helps configure the clock path, control output signals and their behavior.

To determine the chipset current configuration related to clock distribution, one should use the status script with --distrib option.

Control flags:

• --channel (optionnal) describes which targetted channel. Defaults to all, meaning if --channel is not specified, both channels (CH0/CH1) are assigned the same value. This script only suppports a single --channel assignment.

• --path (optionnal) describes desired signal path. Defaults to all meaning, all paths are assigned the same value (if feasible).
  This script only suppports a single --path assignment at a time.
  Refer to help menu for list of accepted values.

• --pin (optionnal) describes desired pin, when controlling an output pin. Defaults to all meaning, all pins (+ and -) are assigned the same value when feasible.
  Refer to help menu for list of accepted values.

Action flags: the script supports as many action flags as desired, see the list down below.

• --mode set OUTxy output pin as single ended or differential
• --format sets OUTxy current sink/source format
• --current sets OUTxy pin output current [mA], where x = channel

# set channel 0 as HCSL default format
distrib.py --format hcsl --channel 0

# set channel 1 as CML format
distrib.py --format hcsl --channel 1

# set channel 0+1 as HCSL default format
distrib.py --format hcsl

# set Q0A, Q0B as differntial output
distrib.py --mode diff --channel 0

# set Q1A, as single ended pin
distrib.py --mode se --channel 1 --pin a

# set Q0A Q0B to output 12.5 mA, default output current
distrib.py --current 12.5 --channel 0

# set Q1A to output 7.5 mA, minimal current
distrib.py --current 7.5 --channel 1 --pin a

• --sync-all: sends a SYNC order to all distribution dividers. It is required to run a sync-all in case the current output behavior is not set to immediate.

# send a SYNC all
# SYNC all is required depending on previous actions and current configuration
distrib.py --sync-all 0 0x48

• --autosync : control given channel so called "autosync" behavior.

# set both Pll CH0 & CH1 to "immediate" behavior
distrib.py --autosync immediate 0 0x48

# set both Pll CH0 to "immediate" behavior
distrib.py --autosync immediate --channel 0 0 0x48

#  and Pll CH1 to "manual" behavior
distrib.py --autosync manual --channel 1 0 0x48

In the previous example, CH1 is set to manual behavior.
One must either perform a sync-all operation, a q-sync operation on channel 1, or an Mx-pin operation with dedicated script, to enable this output signal.

• --q-sync : initializes a Qxy Divider synchronization sequence manually. When x is the channel and y is desired path.

# triggers Q0A Q0B Q1A Q1B SYNC 
distrib.py --q-sync 0 0x48

# triggers Q0A Q0B SYNC 
distrib.py --q-sync --channel 0 0 0x48

# triggers Q0B Q1B SYNC because --channel `all` is implied 
distrib.py --q-sync --path b 0 0x48

• --unmute : controls QXY unmuting opmode, where x is the channel and y desired path.

# Q0A Q0B + Q1A Q1B `immediate` unmuting 
distrib.py --unmute immediate 0 0x48

# Q0A Q1A `phase locked` unmuting 
distrib.py --unmute phase --path a 0 0x48

# Q0B Q1B `freq locked` unmuting 
distrib.py --unmute freq --path b 0 0x48

# Q0A + Q1B `immediate` unmuting 
distrib.py --unmute immediate --path a 0 0x48
distrib.py --unmute immediate --path b 0 0x48

• --pwm-enable and --pwm-disable: constrols PWM modulator for OUTxy where x is the channel and y the desired path.

• --divider : control integer division ratio at Qxy stage

# Sets R=48 division ratio, 
# for Q0A,AA,B,BB,C,CC and Q1A,AA,B,BB 
# because --channel=`all` and --path=`all` is implied
distrib.py --divider 48 0 0x48

# Sets Q1A,AA,B,BB R=64 division ratio
# because --path=`all` is implied
distrib.py --divider 64 --channel 1 0 0x48

# Q0A & Q0B R=23 division ratio
# requires dual assignment, because --pin {a,b} is not feasible at once
distrib.py --divider 23 --channel 0 --pin a 0 0x48
distrib.py --divider 23 --channel 0 --pin b 0 0x48

• --half-divider : enables "half divider" feature @ QXY path

• --phase-offset applies instantaneous phase offset to desired output path. Maximal value is 2*D-1 where D is previous --divider ratio for given channel + pin.

# Apply Q0A,AA,B,BB,C,CC + Q1A,AA,B,BB 
# TODO

• --unmuting : controls "unmuting" behavior, meaning, output signal can be exposed automatically depending on clock state.

• --mute and --unmute to manually enable/disable an output pin

Reset script

To quickly reset the device

• --soft : performs a soft reset
• --sans : same thing but maintains current registers value
• --watchdog : resets internal watchdog timer
• -h for more infos

# Resets (factory default)
reset.py --soft 1 0x48
regmap.py --load settings.json 1 0x48 
reset.py --sans 1 0x48 # settings are maintained

Ref input script

ref-input.py to control the reference input signal, signal quality constraints, switching mechanisms and the general clock state.

• --freq set REFxy input frequency [Hz]
• --coupling control REFx input coupling lock must be previously acquired.
• freq-lock-thresh : frequency locking mechanism constraint.
• phase-lock-thresh : phase locking mechanism constraint.
• phase-step-thresh : inst. phase step threshold
• phase-skew: phase skew

PLL script

pll.py to control both analog and digital internal PLL cores.
pll.py also allows to set the clock to free run or holdover state.

• --type: to specify whether we are targetting an Analog PLL (APLLx) or a Digital PLL (APLLx). This field is only required for operations where it is ambiguous (can be performed on both cores).
  all is the default value.
  --type all targets both APLLx and DPLLx core(s).

• --channel : set x in DPLLx or APLLx targeted cores.
  --channel all: is the default behavior, targets both channel 0 and 1 of the desired type.

• --free-run: forces clock to free run state, --type is disregarded because digital is implied.

• --holdover: forces clock to holdover state, --type is disregarded because digital is implied.

Power down script

power-down.py perform and recover power down operations.
Useful to power down non needed channels and internal cores.

The --all flag addresses all internal cores.
Otherwise, select internal units with related flag

• Power down device entirely

power-down.py 0 0x4A --all

• Recover a complete power down operation

power-down.py 0 0x4A --all --clear

• Wake A reference up and put AA,B,BB references to sleep:

power-down.py 0 0x4A --refb --refbb --refaa 
power-down.py 0 0x4A --clear --refa 

CCDPLL : Digitized Clocking Common Clock Synchronizer

CCDPLL status report:

status.py --ccdpll 1 0x48

CCDPLL must be configured and monitored for UTS & IUTS related operations

User Time Stamping cores

UTS cores allow the user to timestamp input data against a reference signal. UTS requires the CCDPPL that is part of the Digitized clocking core to be configured.

uts.py controls both the UTS core and the inverse UTS core. This is controlled by the --type inverse option.
The default --type is "normal" for UTS management by default.
Therefore it is mandatory to specify inverse for IUTS management.

UTS and IUTS status reports are reported by the status.py script:

status.py 1 0x4A \
    --uts \
    --iuts

status.py 0 0x48 \
    --uts \
    --filter-by-key fifo,0 

It is useful to combine this status report to the digitized clocking status report as they are closely related

status.py 1 0x4A \
    --ccdpll \
    --uts

Some UTS/IUTS raw data are signed 24 or 48 bit values, this portion of the status script should interprate those values correctly, but it has to be confirmed / verified.

It is not clear at the moment which UTSx core (8 cores) is fed to the UTS FIFO (unique fifo). Therefore it is not clear to me which scaling should apply when interprating the data contained in the UTS FIFO.
At the moment, I hardcoded Core #0 (1st one) as the frequency source ➜ to clarify and improve.

Inverse UTS management

TODO

IRQ events

status.py --irq allows reading the current asserted IRQ flags.

Clear them with irq.py:

• --all: clear all flags
• --pll: clear all PLL (PLL0 + PLL1 + digital + analog) related events
• --pll0: clear PLL0 (digital + analog) related events
• --pll1: clear PLL1 (digital + analog) related events
• --other: clear events that are not related to the pll subgroup
• --sysclk: clear all sysclock related events
• -h: for other known flags

Misc

status.py --misc returns (amongst other infos) the internal temperature sensor reading.

• Get current reading :

status.py --misc 1 0x48
# Filter on field of interest like this
status.py --misc 1 0x48 --filter-by-key temperature,value --unpack
# Is temperature range currently exceeded
status.py --misc 1 0x48 --filter-by-key temperature,alarm --unpack

• Program a temperature range :

misc.py --temp-thres-low -10 # [°C]
misc.py --temp-thres-high 80 # [°C]
misc.py --temp-thres-low -30 --temp-thres-high 90
status.py --temp 0 0x48 # current reading [°C] 

Related warning events are then retrieved with the irq.py utility, refer to related section.

Typical configuration flows

• load a profile preset, calibrate and get started

regmap.py --load profile.json --quiet 0 0x48
status.py --pll --distrib --filter-by-key ch0 0 0x48
calib.py --all 0 0x48
status.py --pll --distrib --filter-by-key ch0 0 0x48

• distrib operation: mute / unmute + powerdown (TODO)

• using integrated signal quality monitoring (TODO)