flask-taxonomies

Release 6.10.1

Taxonomy trees REST API Flask app for Invenio

PyPI Python

Keywords
invenio, inveniosoftware, rest-api, taxonomy, taxonomy-database, taxonomy-management
License
CC-BY-NC-SA-2.5
Install
pip install flask-taxonomies==6.10.1

Documentation

Flask Taxonomies

Installation

pip install flask-taxonomies
from flask_taxonomies.ext import FlaskTaxonomies
from flask_taxonomies.views import blueprint
from flask import Flask
from flask_principal import Principal

app = Flask('__test__')

FlaskTaxonomies(app)
Principal(app)
app.register_blueprint(blueprint, url_prefix=app.config['FLASK_TAXONOMIES_URL_PREFIX'])

db = ...
from flask_taxonomies.models import Base
Base.metadata.create_all(db.engine)

Terminology

Taxonomy is a tree of taxonomy terms. It is represented as a database object identified by code. A taxonomy may contain its original url (in case the taxonomy is defined elsewhere) and additional metadata as a json object (containing, for example, taxonomy title). It may also contain a default set of selectors for filtering metadata.

TaxonomyTerm represents a single node in a taxonomy. It is identified by its slug and may contain additional metadata as json object. A term can contain children to represent hierarchy of taxonomy terms. Term does not define ordering within children, it is up to application logic to define any ordering.

REST API

The rest API sits on the app.config['FLASK_TAXONOMIES_URL_PREFIX'] url, implicitly /api/2.0/taxonomies/. It follows the REST API principles with pagination inspired by GitHub API.

Retrieving resources

Prefer HTTP header

Implicitly, the API returns rather minimal representation. The amount of the returned metadata can be changed via HTTP prefer header or alternatively by query parameters.

Returned representation

The prefer header is a standard way of telling what you expect to get as a response to the request. It is defined in rfc7240.

If the header is not present, return=representation is assumed. One can specify return=minimal to obtain minimal dataset, or other return types (even your own) defined in FLASK_TAXONOMIES_REPRESENTATION config.

return=minimal

returns the minimal representation. Mostly not usable directly as it does not return any metadata, just the code/slug.

Listing:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal" http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/>; rel=self

[
  {
    "code": "country"
  }
]

Get taxonomy:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal" http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "code": "country"
}

Get term:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal" http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "slug": "europe"
}

return=representation

this is the default return type. Returns all user data declared on taxonomy/term together with ancestor and urls. For example:

Listing:

$ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/>; rel=self

[
  {
    "code": "country", 
    "links": {
      "custom": "https://www.kaggle.com/nikitagrec/world-capitals-gps/data", 
      "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/"
    }, 
    "title": "List of countries"
  }
]

Get term:

$ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "CapitalLatitude": "50.083333333333336", 
  "CapitalLongitude": "14.466667", 
  "CapitalName": "Prague", 
  "ContinentName": "Europe", 
  "CountryCode": "CZ", 
  "CountryName": "Czech Republic", 
  "ancestors": [
    {
      "links": {
        "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe"
      }
    }
  ], 
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz"
  }
}

Europe has no user data, so it contains only the links section.

Includes and excludes

The returned representation can be modified by specifying which metadata should be included/excluded. Currently supported includes/excludes are:

INCLUDE_URL = 'url'
INCLUDE_DESCENDANTS_URL = 'drl'
INCLUDE_DESCENDANTS_COUNT = 'dcn'
INCLUDE_ANCESTORS_HIERARCHY = 'anh'
INCLUDE_ANCESTORS = 'anc'
INCLUDE_ANCESTOR_LIST = 'anl'
INCLUDE_DATA = 'data'
INCLUDE_ID = 'id'
INCLUDE_DESCENDANTS = 'dsc'
INCLUDE_ENVELOPE='env'
INCLUDE_DELETED = 'del'
INCLUDE_SLUG = 'slug'
INCLUDE_LEVEL = 'lvl'
INCLUDE_STATUS = 'sta'
Including extra data

Examples:

Include record url in response

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=url" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe"
  }, 
  "slug": "europe"
}

Adds a links section to payload with record url ("self":)

Include descendants url in response

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=url drl" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe", 
    "tree": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc"
  }, 
  "slug": "europe"
}

Adds a links section to payload with recoord url with descendants ("tree":)

Include descendants count in response

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=dcn" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "slug": "europe",
  "descendants_count": 58
}

Adds a descendant_count with a number of descendant terms under the term. The value is 0 if the term is a leaf term.

On taxonomy, returns the total number of terms in taxonomy:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=dcn" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "code": "country",
  "descendants_count": 253
}

Include ancestors with hierarchy in response

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=anh url" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz

{
  "children": [
    {
      "links": {
        "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz"
      }, 
      "slug": "europe/cz"
    }
  ], 
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe"
  }, 
  "slug": "europe",
  "ancestor": true
}

If the term has ancestors, they are serialized and the term is included as their child. This is useful for example when showing the taxonomy in tree form - the rendering mechanism for the tree will stay the same. All ancestor terms are marked with ancestor=true flag to help with ui rendering (for example to gray ancestors).

Adding url as well is recommended to get urls of ancestors.

Include ancestors without hierarchy in response

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=anc url" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "ancestors": [
    {
      "links": {
        "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe"
      }, 
      "slug": "europe"
    }
  ], 
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz"
  }, 
  "slug": "europe/cz"
}

The ancestors are rendered inside the ancestors element. Adding url as well is recommended to get urls of ancestors.

Include ancestor list in response

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=representation; include=anl ant par" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

[
  {
    "links": {
      "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe"
    },
    "is_ancestor": true
  }, 
  {
    "CapitalLatitude": "50.083333333333336", 
    "CapitalLongitude": "14.466667", 
    "CapitalName": "Prague", 
    "ContinentName": "Europe", 
    "CountryCode": "CZ", 
    "CountryName": "Czech Republic", 
    "links": {
      "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz",
      "parent": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe"
    },
    "is_ancestor": false
  }
]

The ancestors are rendered on the same level as the term. This rendering might be used for example when serializing the taxonomy term to elasticsearch - this way all the ancestors are serialized within one array and indexed into one object in ES.

Note also the:

  • ant - adds ancestor field (false if this is the term that has been queried), true for ancestor term
  • parent - adds link to the parent within links section

Even one-term result is rendered as array:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=representation; include=anl ant par" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

[
  {
    "links": {
      "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe"
    },
    "is_ancestor": false
  }
]

Include data in response

This is the default setting unless minimal representation is selected. In this case, pass include=data to have data included.

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=data" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "CapitalLatitude": "50.083333333333336", 
  "CapitalLongitude": "14.466667", 
  "CapitalName": "Prague", 
  "ContinentName": "Europe", 
  "CountryCode": "CZ", 
  "CountryName": "Czech Republic", 
  "slug": "europe/cz"
}

Include id in response

Use include=id to get the internal id included. This is rarely needed as API does not accept this id at all.

Include descendant terms in response

To serialize descendants into the response, use include=dsc:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=dsc" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "children": [
    {
      "slug": "europe/ad"
    }, 
    {
      "slug": "europe/al"
    }, 
    ...
    {
      "slug": "europe/va"
    }
  ],
  "slug": "europe"
}

Include slug in response

Adds slug to response. In the minimal mode the slug is added automatically, use this tag to add it in return=representation:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=representation; include=slug" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "CapitalLatitude": "50.083333333333336", 
  "CapitalLongitude": "14.466667", 
  "CapitalName": "Prague", 
  "ContinentName": "Europe", 
  "CountryCode": "CZ", 
  "CountryName": "Czech Republic", 
  "ancestors": [
    {
      "links":{"self":"http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe"},
      "slug": "europe"
    }
  ], 
  "links":{"self":"http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz"},
  "slug": "europe/cz"
}

Include hierarchy level in response

Adds hierarchy level to taxonomy term. Top-level terms have level=1, taxonomy 0.

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=lvl" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "level": 2, 
  "slug": "europe/cz"
}

Include deleted terms in response

Let's delete a country from Europe:

$ curl -X DELETE -i http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/gb

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "CapitalLatitude": "51.5", 
  "CapitalLongitude": "-0.083333", 
  "CapitalName": "London", 
  "ContinentName": "Europe", 
  "CountryCode": "GB", 
  "CountryName": "United Kingdom",
  "links":{"self":"http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/gb"}
}

United Kingdom has indeed been removed from Europe:

$ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/gb
HTTP/1.0 410 GONE

{
  "message": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/gb was not found on the server",
  "reason": "deleted"
}

Now run the GET again with removed terms included:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=del sta" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/gb

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/gb>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/gb?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "slug": "europe/gb", 
  "status": "deleted",
  "busy_count":0,
  "descendants_busy_count":0
}

Include term status

Including the status will add the following metadata:

  • status of the term (alive, delete_pending, deleted, moved)
  • busy_count - an integer saying how "busy" the term is. Being busy means that a potentially destructive operation (such as deleting, moving or renaming slug) is in progress.
  • descendants_busy_count - a number of descendants that are busy
$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=del sta dsc" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "busy_count":0,
  "children": [
    {
      "busy_count":0,
      "descendants_busy_count":0,
      "slug": "europe/ad", 
      "status": "alive"
    }, 
    ...
    {
      "busy_count":0,
      "descendants_busy_count":0,
      "slug": "europe/gb", 
      "status": "deleted"
    }, 
    ...
    {
      "busy_count":0,
      "descendants_busy_count":0,
      "slug": "europe/va", 
      "status": "alive"
    }
  ], 
  "descendants_busy_count":0,
  "slug": "europe", 
  "status": "alive"
}
Excluding data

To exclude data from the representation, use exclude=... in prefer header.

Query parameters

Values from the prefer header can be used as query parameters:

curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal;" \
  "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?
     representation:include=sta,url&representation:exclude=slug"

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe"
  }, 
  "status": "alive"
}

Selecting subset of term data

Use select=<json pointer> <json pointer>... in prefer header or representation:select= query parameter to select just part of user data:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=representation;select=/CapitalName /CountryCode" \ 
    "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz"

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "CapitalName": "Prague", 
  "CountryCode": "CZ", 
  "ancestors": [
    {
      "links": {
        "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe"
      }
    }
  ], 
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/cz"
  }
}

Maximum levels

When descendants are selected, a maximum level of descendants can be specified via levels=<n> part of prefer header (or representation:levels=n in the query).

Example:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=representation; levels=1" \ 
   "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country"

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
       'children': [
           {'slug': 'africa'},
           {'slug': 'antarctica'},
           {'slug': 'asia'},
           {'slug': 'australia'},
           {'slug': 'central-america'},
           {'slug': 'europe'},
           {'slug': 'north-america'},
           {'slug': 'south-america'}
       ],
       'code': 'country',
       'title': 'List of countries'
}

Pagination

If descendants are requested without further arguments the whole tree is returned (well, in fact at most FLASK_TAXONOMIES_MAX_RESULTS_RETURNED terms to prevent server crash). This leads to high amount of data transferred and possibly a client crash. To prevent this, pagination should be used on larger taxonomies.

Specify size argument to have at most this number of taxonomy terms returned. For example:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal;" \
  "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc&size=5"

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree
X-Page: 1
X-PageSize: 5
X-Total: 58

{
  "children": [
    {
      "slug": "europe/ad"
    }, 
    {
      "slug": "europe/al"
    }, 
    {
      "slug": "europe/am"
    }, 
    {
      "slug": "europe/at"
    }
  ], 
  "slug": "europe"
}

This returns 5 terms - europe and 4 children. To return the next page, add page=2 argument:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal;" \
  "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc&size=5&page=4"

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/dk>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/dk?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree
X-Page: 4
X-PageSize: 5
X-Total: 58

[
  {
    "slug": "europe/dk"
  }, 
  {
    "slug": "europe/ee"
  }, 
  {
    "slug": "europe/es"
  }, 
  {
    "slug": "europe/fi"
  }, 
  {
    "slug": "europe/fo"
  }
]

Note that the first page contains the root element and the second does not. To fix it, either use include=anh to always get hierarchical representation:

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal;" \
  "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc,anh&size=5&page=2"

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/ax>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/ax?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree
X-Page: 2
X-PageSize: 5
X-Total: 58

{
  "ancestor": true, 
  "children": [
    {
      "slug": "europe/ax"
    }, 
    {
      "slug": "europe/az"
    }, 
    {
      "slug": "europe/ba"
    }, 
    {
      "slug": "europe/be"
    }
  ], 
  "slug": "europe"
}

or, if interested only in descendants and not the node itself, exclude=self

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal;" \
  "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?
     representation:include=dsc&representation:exclude=self&size=5&page=1"

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/ad>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe/ad?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree
X-Page: 1
X-PageSize: 5
X-Total: 58

[
  {
    "slug": "europe/ad"
  }, 
  {
    "slug": "europe/al"
  }, 
  {
    "slug": "europe/am"
  }, 
  {
    "slug": "europe/at"
  }, 
  {
    "slug": "europe/ax"
  }
]

Searching

Use q= parameter to search within terms. Returns all the resources whose metadata contain the expression in q.

Simple query

If q is a simple string not containing ':' or string in quotes, it is interpreted as a string that must be present in any of values inside the json.

The current implementation is dependent on the database backend and might perform sub-optimal ilike %x% query on textified json.

$ curl -i -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=data dsc; exclude=self" \
  http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?q=Prague

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/country/europe?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

[
    {
      "CapitalLatitude": "50.083333333333336", 
      "CapitalLongitude": "14.466667", 
      "CapitalName": "Prague", 
      "ContinentName": "Europe", 
      "CountryCode": "CZ", 
      "CountryName": "Czech Republic", 
      "slug": "europe/cz"
    }
]
Lucene-like query

If the q contains a ':' character not enclosed in quotes, it is parsed as a query in lucene syntax, with the following allowed constructs:

  • path:value for matching value at the given path
  • a.b.c:value for representing nested paths
  • AND, OR, NOT, brackets

The query will be executed if the database or search backend support it. If not supported, HTTP 501 will be returned.

Taxonomy

Creating

To create a taxonomy, either use HTTP PUT:

$ curl -i -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data-raw '{
    "title": "Test taxonomy"
}'

HTTP/1.0 201 CREATED
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree
Location: http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/

{
  "code": "test", 
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/"
  }, 
  "title": "Test taxonomy"
}

Or HTTP POST with code in the payload

$ curl -i -X POST 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/' \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '{
    "title": "Test taxonomy 1", "code": "test1"
}'

HTTP/1.0 201 CREATED
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test1/>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test1/?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree
Location: http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test1/

{
  "code": "test1", 
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test1/"
  }, 
  "title": "Test taxonomy 1"
}

Updating

Replacing via HTTP PUT
$ curl -i -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '{
    "title": "Test taxonomy updated"
}'

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "code": "test", 
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/"
  }, 
  "title": "Test taxonomy updated"
}

Note that terms are not updated nor removed when taxonomy metadata are updated.

Patching with HTTP PATCH
$ curl -i -X PATCH 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '[{
    "op": "replace", "path": "/title", "value": "Test taxonomy updated via patch"
}]'

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "code": "test", 
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/"
  }, 
  "title": "Test taxonomy updated via patch"
}

Deleting

$ curl -i -X DELETE 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test1'

HTTP/1.0 204 NO CONTENT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8

Taxonomy Term

Creating

As in creating taxonomy, term can be created either via HTTP PUT:

$ curl -i -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '{
    "title": "Test Term"
}'

HTTP/1.0 201 CREATED
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree
Location: http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term

{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term"
  }, 
  "title": "Test Term"
}

or POST:

$ curl -i -X POST 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '{
    "title": "Test term 1", "slug": "term1"
}'

HTTP/1.0 201 CREATED
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree
Location: http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1

{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1"
  }, 
  "title": "Test term 1"
}

As PUT/POST operation also mean updating term if slug exists, to be sure that you are creating a new one use If-None-Match: '*' header:

$ curl -i -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --header 'If-None-Match: '*'' \
  --data-raw '{
    "title": "Test Term"
}'

HTTP/1.0 412 Precondition Failed

{
     "message": "The taxonomy already contains a term on this slug. As If-None-Match: '*' has been requested, not modifying the term",
     "reason": "term-exists"
}

Terms can be created within terms via HTTP PUT:

$ curl -i -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term/nested' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '{
    "title": "Nested Term"
}'

HTTP/1.0 201 CREATED
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term/nested>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term/nested?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree
Location: http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term/nested

{
  "ancestors":[
     {
       "links":{
         "self":"http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term"
       },
       "title":"Test Term"
     }
  ],
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term/nested"
  }, 
  "title": "Nested Term"
}

or POST:

$ curl -i -X POST 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '{
    "title": "Test nested term 1", "slug": "nested1"
}'

HTTP/1.0 201 CREATED
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1/nested1>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1/nested1?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree
Location: http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1/nested1

{
  "ancestors":[
     {
       "links":{
         "self":"http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1"
       },
       "title":"Test term 1"
     }
  ],
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1/nested1"
  }, 
  "title": "Test nested term 1"
}

Updating

As for taxonomy, use HTTP PUT:

$ curl -i -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '{
    "title": "Test Term updated"                 
}'

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term"
  }, 
  "title": "Test Term updated"
}

or PATCH:

$ curl -i -X PATCH 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '[{
    "op": "replace", "path": "/title", "value": "Test taxonomy term updated via patch"
}]'

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term"
  }, 
  "title": "Test taxonomy term updated via patch"
}

As PUT operation also means creating term if slug does not exist, to be sure that you are just updating use If-Match: '*' header:

$ curl -i -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/unknown' \
  --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  --header 'If-Match: '*'' \
  --data-raw '{
    "title": "Test Term"
}'

HTTP/1.0 412 Precondition Failed

{
         "message": "The taxonomy does not contain a term on this slug. As If-Match: '*' has been requested, not creating a new term",
         "reason": "term-does-not-exist"
}

Deleting

Use HTTP delete to remove a term. The removed term will be returned in the response:

$ curl -i -X DELETE 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1'

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1"
  }, 
  "title": "Test term 1"
}

Subsequent GET returns 410:

$ curl -i 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1'

HTTP/1.0 410 GONE

{
  "message": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term1 was not found on the server",
  "reason": "deleted"
}

But the term stays on the server:

$ curl -i 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term?representation:include=del'
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "links": {
    "self": "http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term"
  }, 
  "title": "Test taxonomy term updated via patch"
}

Un-Deleting

To salvage a deleted term, update it via PATCH, with an empty set of operations to keep it unmodified:

$ curl -i -X PATCH -H "Prefer: return=minimal; include=del" \
   'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '[]'

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term>; rel=self
Link: <http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term?representation:include=dsc>; rel=tree

{
  "slug": "term"
}

Moving

Use HTTP post with content type application/vnd.move and Destination header:

$ curl -i -X POST \
   -H 'Content-Type: application/vnd.move' \
   -H "Destination: /" \
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term/nested'

HTTP/1.0 200 OK

{
    "links":{
        "self":"http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/nested"
    },
    "title":"Nested Term"
}

The original url returns 301:

$ curl -i 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term/nested'

HTTP/1.0 301 MOVED PERMANENTLY
Location: http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/nested
Link: <http://localhost/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term/nested>; rel=self
Link: <http://localhost/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/nested>; rel=obsoleted_by

{
    "links": {
        "self": "http://localhost/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/term/nested", 
        "obsoleted_by": "http://localhost/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/nested"
    }, 
    "status": "moved"
}

Renaming

Use HTTP post with content type application/vnd.move and Rename header:

$ curl -i -X POST \
   -H 'Content-Type: application/vnd.move' \
   -H "Rename: renamed-nested" \
  'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/nested'

HTTP/1.0 200 OK

{
    "links":{
        "self":"http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/renamed-nested"
    },
    "title":"Nested Term"
}

The original url returns 301:

$ curl -i 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/nested'

HTTP/1.0 301 MOVED PERMANENTLY
Location: http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/renamed-nested
Link: <http://localhost/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/nested>; rel=self
Link: <http://localhost/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/renamed-nested>; rel=obsoleted_by

{
    "links": {
        "self": "http://localhost/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/nested", 
        "obsoleted_by": "http://localhost/api/2.0/taxonomies/test/renamed-nested"
    }, 
    "status": "moved"
}

Configuration

Configuration Variables

FLASK_TAXONOMIES_SERVER_NAME

Server name hosting the taxonomies. If not set, SERVER_NAME is used.

FLASK_TAXONOMIES_SERVER_SCHEME

Scheme to use in generated urls, defaults to https

FLASK_TAXONOMIES_URL_PREFIX

A prefix on which taxonomies are served, defaults to /api/2.0/taxonomies/

FLASK_TAXONOMIES_REPRESENTATION

Values for Prefer: return= header. minimal and representation are obligatory, you are free to add other return representations.

from flask_taxonomies.constants import *

FLASK_TAXONOMIES_REPRESENTATION = {
    'minimal': {
        'include': [INCLUDE_SLUG, INCLUDE_SELF],
        'exclude': [],
        'select': None,
        'options': {}
    },
    'representation': {
        'include': [INCLUDE_DATA, INCLUDE_ANCESTORS, 
                    INCLUDE_URL, INCLUDE_SELF],
        'exclude': [],
        'select': None,
        'options': {}
    },
    'full': {
        'include': [INCLUDE_DATA, INCLUDE_ANCESTORS, INCLUDE_URL, 
                    INCLUDE_DESCENDANTS_URL, INCLUDE_SELF],
        'exclude': [],
        'select': None,
        'options': {}
    }
}

FLASK_TAXONOMIES_MAX_RESULTS_RETURNED

Specifies max results returned when pagination is not used. Defaults to 10000.

Security

Flask taxonomies uses flask-principal to handle security. The default permissions are that everyone is allowed to read/create/update/delete/move all taxonomies and terms.

To restrict the access, specify permission factories (a function that returns a list of permission) for each operation.

FLASK_TAXONOMIES_PERMISSION_FACTORIES

A dictionary of operation to a list of permissions.

FLASK_TAXONOMIES_PERMISSION_FACTORIES = {
    'taxonomy_list':   request -> List[Permission]
    'taxonomy_read':   request, taxonomy -> List[Permission]
    'taxonomy_create': request, code -> List[Permission]
    'taxonomy_update': request, taxonomy -> List[Permission]
    'taxonomy_delete': request, taxonomy -> List[Permission],

    'taxonomy_term_read':   request, taxonomy, slug -> List[Permission]
    'taxonomy_term_create': request, taxonomy, slug -> List[Permission]
    'taxonomy_term_update': request, taxonomy, term -> List[Permission]
    'taxonomy_term_delete': request, taxonomy, term -> List[Permission],
    'taxonomy_term_move': request, taxonomy, term, destination, rename -> List[Permission],
}

The right-hand side can be either a list/tuple of permissions, function with the above-mentioned signatures or a string pointing to the implementation. The string form is resolved on the first request.

If .can on any of the permissions returns True or the list is empty, access is granted.

Recommended initial settings

The recommended initial settings are read-only for everyone except admin role:

from flask_principal import RoleNeed

FLASK_TAXONOMIES_PERMISSION_FACTORIES = {
    'taxonomy_create': [RoleNeed('admin')],
    'taxonomy_update': [RoleNeed('admin')],
    'taxonomy_delete': [RoleNeed('admin')],

    'taxonomy_term_create': [RoleNeed('admin')],
    'taxonomy_term_update': [RoleNeed('admin')],
    'taxonomy_term_delete': [RoleNeed('admin')],
    'taxonomy_term_move': [RoleNeed('admin')]
}

Python API

The calls below use session as an optional parameter. If not supplied, session from current_app is used.

TermIdentification is a class to identify taxonomy term, binding taxonomy (or its code), slug or a term instance. See flask_taxonomies/term_identification.py for details.

from flask_taxonomies.proxies import current_flask_taxonomies

# returns a taxonomy list
current_flask_taxonomies.list_taxonomies(session=None)

# returns a taxonomy with the given code. Fails by default if not found
current_flask_taxonomies.get_taxonomy(code, fail=True, session=None)

# creates a new taxonomy
current_flask_taxonomies.create_taxonomy(code, extra_data=None, url=None, 
    select=None, session=None)

# updates a taxonomy
current_flask_taxonomies.update_taxonomy(
    taxonomy: [Taxonomy, str], extra_data, 
    url=MISSING, select=MISSING,
    session=None)

# deletes a taxonomy
current_flask_taxonomies.delete_taxonomy(taxonomy: Taxonomy, session=None)

# lists terms within the taxonomy. 
current_flask_taxonomies.list_taxonomy(taxonomy: [Taxonomy, str], levels=None,
    status_cond=TaxonomyTerm.status == TermStatusEnum.alive,
    order=True, session=None)

# creates a new term inside a taxonomy
current_flask_taxonomies.create_term(ti: TermIdentification, 
    extra_data=None, session=None)

# updates a term, setting or patching extra_data
current_flask_taxonomies.update_term(ti: [TaxonomyTerm, TermIdentification],
    status_cond=TaxonomyTerm.status == TermStatusEnum.alive,
    extra_data=None, patch=False, status=MISSING, session=None)

# returns all descendants of a term
current_flask_taxonomies.descendants(ti: TermIdentification, levels=None,
    status_cond=TaxonomyTerm.status == TermStatusEnum.alive,
    order=True, session=None)

# returns a term and its descendants
current_flask_taxonomies.descendants_or_self(ti: TermIdentification, levels=None,
    status_cond=TaxonomyTerm.status == TermStatusEnum.alive,
    order=True, session=None)

# returns all ancestors of a term
current_flask_taxonomies.ancestors(ti: TermIdentification, 
    status_cond=TaxonomyTerm.status == TermStatusEnum.alive, session=None)

# returns term and its ancestors
current_flask_taxonomies.ancestors_or_self(ti: TermIdentification,
    status_cond=TaxonomyTerm.status == TermStatusEnum.alive, session=None)

# removes a term
current_flask_taxonomies.delete_term(ti: TermIdentification, 
    remove_after_delete=True, session=None)

# renames term's slug
current_flask_taxonomies.rename_term(ti: TermIdentification, new_slug=None,
    remove_after_delete=True, session=None)

# moves term into a new parent within the same taxonomy
current_flask_taxonomies.move_term(ti: TermIdentification, new_parent=None,
    remove_after_delete=True, session=None)

Signals

See flask_taxonomies/signals.py for details

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Miroslav Bauer Mirek Simek Daniel Kopecký


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