NATS - Go Client
A Go client for the NATS messaging system.
Installation
# Go client
go get github.com/nats-io/go-nats
# Server
go get github.com/nats-io/gnatsd
Basic Usage
nc, _ := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)
// Simple Publisher
nc.Publish("foo", []byte("Hello World"))
// Simple Async Subscriber
nc.Subscribe("foo", func(m *nats.Msg) {
fmt.Printf("Received a message: %s\n", string(m.Data))
})
// Simple Sync Subscriber
sub, err := nc.SubscribeSync("foo")
m, err := sub.NextMsg(timeout)
// Channel Subscriber
ch := make(chan *nats.Msg, 64)
sub, err := nc.ChanSubscribe("foo", ch)
msg := <- ch
// Unsubscribe
sub.Unsubscribe()
// Requests
msg, err := nc.Request("help", []byte("help me"), 10*time.Millisecond)
// Replies
nc.Subscribe("help", func(m *Msg) {
nc.Publish(m.Reply, []byte("I can help!"))
})
// Close connection
nc, _ := nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222")
nc.Close();
Encoded Connections
nc, _ := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)
c, _ := nats.NewEncodedConn(nc, nats.JSON_ENCODER)
defer c.Close()
// Simple Publisher
c.Publish("foo", "Hello World")
// Simple Async Subscriber
c.Subscribe("foo", func(s string) {
fmt.Printf("Received a message: %s\n", s)
})
// EncodedConn can Publish any raw Go type using the registered Encoder
type person struct {
Name string
Address string
Age int
}
// Go type Subscriber
c.Subscribe("hello", func(p *person) {
fmt.Printf("Received a person: %+v\n", p)
})
me := &person{Name: "derek", Age: 22, Address: "140 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA"}
// Go type Publisher
c.Publish("hello", me)
// Unsubscribe
sub, err := c.Subscribe("foo", nil)
...
sub.Unsubscribe()
// Requests
var response string
err := c.Request("help", "help me", &response, 10*time.Millisecond)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Request failed: %v\n", err)
}
// Replying
c.Subscribe("help", func(subj, reply string, msg string) {
c.Publish(reply, "I can help!")
})
// Close connection
c.Close();
TLS
// tls as a scheme will enable secure connections by default. This will also verify the server name.
nc, err := nats.Connect("tls://nats.demo.io:4443")
// If you are using a self-signed certificate, you need to have a tls.Config with RootCAs setup.
// We provide a helper method to make this case easier.
nc, err = nats.Connect("tls://localhost:4443", nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"))
// If the server requires client certificate, there is an helper function for that too:
cert := nats.ClientCert("./configs/certs/client-cert.pem", "./configs/certs/client-key.pem")
nc, err = nats.Connect("tls://localhost:4443", cert)
// You can also supply a complete tls.Config
certFile := "./configs/certs/client-cert.pem"
keyFile := "./configs/certs/client-key.pem"
cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("error parsing X509 certificate/key pair: %v", err)
}
config := &tls.Config{
ServerName: opts.Host,
Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert},
RootCAs: pool,
MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
}
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4443", nats.Secure(config))
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Got an error on Connect with Secure Options: %+v\n", err)
}
Using Go Channels (netchan)
nc, _ := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)
ec, _ := nats.NewEncodedConn(nc, nats.JSON_ENCODER)
defer ec.Close()
type person struct {
Name string
Address string
Age int
}
recvCh := make(chan *person)
ec.BindRecvChan("hello", recvCh)
sendCh := make(chan *person)
ec.BindSendChan("hello", sendCh)
me := &person{Name: "derek", Age: 22, Address: "140 New Montgomery Street"}
// Send via Go channels
sendCh <- me
// Receive via Go channels
who := <- recvCh
Wildcard Subscriptions
// "*" matches any token, at any level of the subject.
nc.Subscribe("foo.*.baz", func(m *Msg) {
fmt.Printf("Msg received on [%s] : %s\n", m.Subject, string(m.Data));
})
nc.Subscribe("foo.bar.*", func(m *Msg) {
fmt.Printf("Msg received on [%s] : %s\n", m.Subject, string(m.Data));
})
// ">" matches any length of the tail of a subject, and can only be the last token
// E.g. 'foo.>' will match 'foo.bar', 'foo.bar.baz', 'foo.foo.bar.bax.22'
nc.Subscribe("foo.>", func(m *Msg) {
fmt.Printf("Msg received on [%s] : %s\n", m.Subject, string(m.Data));
})
// Matches all of the above
nc.Publish("foo.bar.baz", []byte("Hello World"))
Queue Groups
// All subscriptions with the same queue name will form a queue group.
// Each message will be delivered to only one subscriber per queue group,
// using queuing semantics. You can have as many queue groups as you wish.
// Normal subscribers will continue to work as expected.
nc.QueueSubscribe("foo", "job_workers", func(_ *Msg) {
received += 1;
})
Advanced Usage
// Flush connection to server, returns when all messages have been processed.
nc.Flush()
fmt.Println("All clear!")
// FlushTimeout specifies a timeout value as well.
err := nc.FlushTimeout(1*time.Second)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("All clear!")
} else {
fmt.Println("Flushed timed out!")
}
// Auto-unsubscribe after MAX_WANTED messages received
const MAX_WANTED = 10
sub, err := nc.Subscribe("foo")
sub.AutoUnsubscribe(MAX_WANTED)
// Multiple connections
nc1 := nats.Connect("nats://host1:4222")
nc2 := nats.Connect("nats://host2:4222")
nc1.Subscribe("foo", func(m *Msg) {
fmt.Printf("Received a message: %s\n", string(m.Data))
})
nc2.Publish("foo", []byte("Hello World!"));
Clustered Usage
var servers = "nats://localhost:1222, nats://localhost:1223, nats://localhost:1224"
nc, err := nats.Connect(servers)
// Optionally set ReconnectWait and MaxReconnect attempts.
// This example means 10 seconds total per backend.
nc, err = nats.Connect(servers, nats.MaxReconnects(5), nats.ReconnectWait(2 * time.Second))
// Optionally disable randomization of the server pool
nc, err = nats.Connect(servers, nats.DontRandomize())
// Setup callbacks to be notified on disconnects, reconnects and connection closed.
nc, err = nats.Connect(servers,
nats.DisconnectHandler(func(nc *nats.Conn) {
fmt.Printf("Got disconnected!\n")
}),
nats.ReconnectHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
fmt.Printf("Got reconnected to %v!\n", nc.ConnectedUrl())
}),
nats.ClosedHandler(func(nc *nats.Conn) {
fmt.Printf("Connection closed. Reason: %q\n", nc.LastError())
})
)
// When connecting to a mesh of servers with auto-discovery capabilities,
// you may need to provide a username/password or token in order to connect
// to any server in that mesh when authentication is required.
// Instead of providing the credentials in the initial URL, you will use
// new option setters:
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222", nats.UserInfo("foo", "bar"))
// For token based authentication:
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222", nats.Token("S3cretT0ken"))
// You can even pass the two at the same time in case one of the server
// in the mesh requires token instead of user name and password.
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222",
nats.UserInfo("foo", "bar"),
nats.Token("S3cretT0ken"))
// Note that if credentials are specified in the initial URLs, they take
// precedence on the credentials specfied through the options.
// For instance, in the connect call below, the client library will use
// the user "my" and password "pwd" to connect to locahost:4222, however,
// it will use username "foo" and password "bar" when (re)connecting to
// a different server URL that it got as part of the auto-discovery.
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://my:pwd@localhost:4222", nats.UserInfo("foo", "bar"))
Context support (+Go 1.7)
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
defer cancel()
nc, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)
// Request with context
msg, err := nc.RequestWithContext(ctx, "foo", []byte("bar"))
// Synchronous subscriber with context
sub, err := nc.SubscribeSync("foo")
msg, err := sub.NextMsgWithContext(ctx)
// Encoded Request with context
c, err := nats.NewEncodedConn(nc, nats.JSON_ENCODER)
type request struct {
Message string `json:"message"`
}
type response struct {
Code int `json:"code"`
}
req := &request{Message: "Hello"}
resp := &response{}
err := c.RequestWithContext(ctx, "foo", req, resp)
License
Unless otherwise noted, the NATS source files are distributed under the Apache Version 2.0 license found in the LICENSE file.